POLYA013: Length of the nonperiodic part of the decimal expansion of 1/N (proposed by Luis Lopes, 11/19/01).
Let N be a whole number. The decimal expansion of 1/N is periodic
after a certain number of digits beyond the decimal point. We call this
the length of N, or more precisely, the length of the nonperiodic
part of the decimal expansion of 1/N.
For example, 11, 25, 55 have lengths 0, 2, 1 respectively:
1/11 = 0.09090909...
1/36 = 0.027777...
1/55 = 0.0181818...
Show that the length of N is the larger of the exponents of 2 and 5
in the prime decomposition of N, i.e., if
N = 2^(a_2) 3^(a_3) 5^(a^5) ..., then the length of N is max (a_2,
a_5).
Discussion. [FvL, 11/21/01]: Let L'=max(a_2,a_5).
Since 1/N has a periodic part of its decimal expansion, there is a smallest
number M such that (10^M - 1)/N has terminating decimal expansion. The
number of decimals of (10^M - 1)/N is equal to the length L of N. Hence,
for an integer P, we have (10^(M+L) - 10^L)/N = P where P is not a positive
multiple of 10, or 10^(M+L) - NP = 10^L. So 10^L'=10^L.
Bibliography.
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